Rem Songgital village report

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VILLAGE REPORT OF REM SONGGITAL VNRMC.

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COMMUNITY LED LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PROJECT

DISTRICT PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT

RESUBELPARA, NORTH GARO HILLS.

CONTENTS

SL. NO	TITLE	PAGE NO
1	District Profile	3
2	CLLMP Project	3
3	Village Profile	3-4
4	History of village	4
5	Social Profile	5-6
6	Methodology	6
7	Natural resources	6
7.1	Cultivated land	6
7.2	Water bodies	7
7.3	Forest Management	7
8	Ground Survey	7
9	Awareness Program	7
10	Participatory rural appraisal exercise	7
11	Community Natural Resource Management plan with estimation	7
11.1	Plan and Intervention of the village	7-9
11.2	Summary of the village CNRMP Plan	10-14
13	Brief justification of the proposed activities	10
13.1	Community Nursery	10
11.2	Tree Plantation/Afforestation	10
11.3	Agro Forestry	11
11.4	Counter Trenches	11
11.5	Check Dam	12
11.6	Spring Chamber	12
12	Problem Analysis	12
13	Conclusion	13
14	Seasonal Calendar	13
15	LULC Map	14
16	Photographs	15

INTRODUCTION

1.DISTRICT PROFILE

The North Garo Hills District, form the Northern part of the Garo Hills and its headquarter is Resubelpara. It is the gateway to the entire Garo Hills region and shares a border with Assam. The population is a mixture of indigenous Garo Tribes along with other minor tribes comprising Rabhas, Hajongs, Kacharis, Boros. The climate is subtropical with adequate rainfall.

The Government of Assam established the first development C&RD block with Resubelpara as its headquarter on 2^ndOctober,1952. The Government of Meghalaya declared Resubelpara as an administrative unit in 1976. It was upgraded into a fully-fledged civil sub-division on 30^th April, 1982.

North Garo Hills District is the new District in the state of Meghalaya. The District was inaugurated by Dr.Mukul Sangma, Chief Minister of Meghalaya on 27^th July 2012. The district headquarter namely Resubelpara is located on vast plain lands along the banks of Damring river. The District is bounded by Assam (Goalpara District). The District occupies an area of 1,113 sq km and the population is 1,36,3961 as per 2011 census.

2. CLLMP (COMMUNITY LED LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PROJECT)

The Community Led Landscape Management Project (CLLMP) is under the Basin Development Management Unit. The CLLMP Project is being supported by the word Bank. It is a unique project that seeks to leverage on the strength of the community to develop the natural resource management system. The purpose of this project is to develop skills and capacities relating to community – led project management, fiduciary skills and natural resources management. The aim is to strengthen community–led natural resources management in landscapes in the state of Meghalaya.

Meghalaya's population is heavily dependent on natural resources for the sustenance which are under the various stages of degradation. On the other hand, the traditional institutions manage the natural resources such as soil, forest, spring and other water bodies.

The profile is about the natural resources like forest, lands, water bodies and livelihood of Rem Songital, North Garo Hills, Meghalaya.

3. VILLAGE PROFILE

The village consist of 74 households and 399 populations according to ASHA worker’s census. It is located in Resubelpara, North Garo Hills Districts, in Meghalaya India. The village is under the Bajengdoba Block. The village PIN CODE is 794002 and the village P’O is in Bajengdoba. Rem Songital is situated 43.9km away from Resubelpara, District and 15 km from Bajengdoba Block. The main language spoken by the people and their dialect is ‘A WE'. The village P.H.C is in Mendal Megagre. The people are mainly engaged and dependent on paddy field, bettlenut and rubber sheets. The majority of the population turns to farming and Job-Cards under the MGNREGA for employment.The people of Rem Songital go to the nearest market Rari and Gokol for their essential commodities.

The village is presently land-locked by Rari, Gokol, and Mendal Megagre. NH 51,PWD road lying just 12km away from Bajengdoba block. The black top road connects the three villages Rari,Gokol and Mendal Megagre.

There are two denominations of Christianity they are ; Catholic, Baptist And seventh day Adventist. Majority are Baptist and 100% of the population are Christian. The following are some of the schemes that are being implemented in Rem songgital village. They are:

1.NOAPS(National Old Age Pension Scheme)

2.Anganwadi Centre

3. BPL(Below Poverty Line)

4. APL ( Above Poverty Line)

5. NREGA

6.Widows pension scheme

4.HISTORY OF THE VILLAGE

In ancient times, the village area was a beautiful and peaceful place full of flora and fauna without a single soul inhabiting the village. The area was surrounded by Rem songitcham and it has a huge fertility for jhum cultivation, so the village leaders of Rem songgitcham cultivate jhum cultivation and set out temporary shelter. As they had plans to continue supporting their community settlement commodities through the jhum cultivation in the plain area which was near to the main road. The community members tried to set up to create the development of the village. Since then they decided to give the name as ‘Rem songgital’.

Following were the founder of the village:

1.	Arongsangma
2.	RanangMarak
3.	TerinSangma
4.	DonjingMarak
5.	GongjanMarak

There were only a few houses which later grew in number and population. The people were mainly engaged in Agriculture for sustenance. 100% of the population depends on jhum cultivation. This is due to a lot of transport and communication problems, insufficient credit support and weak marketing. They occupy the rice, millet and different types of vegetarian foods like ladies finger, pumpkins, brinjal, chillies etc. at jhum cultivation. The soil was fertile during those days and the productivity was good.The major agricultural commodities in the villages :

The village is amongst the leading villages in the production of ginger tapioca, bamboo shoot, sorrel leave (gongura) , millets etc.
For fruit crops occupy the most land, followed by the banana, pineapples, melons, oranges, jujube etc.
Seasonal vegetables occupy the most land: yam, brinjal, chillies, beans etc.

No government job was enrolled and no educated people were involved in the village. Since Resubelpara got its District, the village changed their Cultivation and Plantation of Arecanut and Rubbers. Till date the people are dependent on betel nuts and rubber sheets.

5.SOCIAL PROFILE

Rem Songgital village is under the supervision of Rangsa Mahari A’king Nokma. It’s been 4 years since CLLMP adopted the village with 9 VNRMC members and 3 VCFs are also identified. The VNRMC was formed on 19th September 2020.

Entire villages use firewood, in addition that 10 HH also use LPG in the village. The village has good electricity connectivity with 74 households being electrified .

Community participation – The people of the village play a vital role in cleanliness. Entire villages conduct the community cleaning drive twice a year. They also participate in other work like NREGA and sorkari (men’s group).

BPL/APL

Particulars	No.of households
BPL HH	34
APL HH	14

FUEL TYPE

Fuel type	Total HH/PERCENT
Charcoal	0
Biomass	0
Wood	67%
LPG	8%
Kerosene	0

The following are the some small groups and association exist in the village they are :

1. ASHA( Accredited Social Health Activist)

2. Self-Help Groups (SHGs)

a, Tangkam( SHGs)

b, Chibasal (SHGs)

c, Rem Songital ( SHGs)

d,Mankam( SHGs)

e,Rikgital( SHGs)

f,Ginnatik(SHGs)

3. Women’s Association

Some other development of the village they are:

1.The Indian Govt. provide the electricity to the household. 80% of the household has been electrified

2.100% of the household have a bank account.

3.Old age pension is distributed to aged people

6.METHODOLOGY

Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study. It compromises the theoretical analysis of the body of method and principles associated with a branch of knowledge.

Selection of the field: Knowledge Management has selected Rem Songgital village situated in Resubelpara, as the field for the CNRMP documentation.

The design: The Knowledge Management has chosen descriptive documentation for the study. It is a fact finding investigation with appropriate interpretation.

Tools of data collection: The semi structured questionnaire and interview schedule has been set as a tool for data collection.

Data collection procedure: Initially the permission sought from the head of the village,a total number of 12 respondents formed with the help of an interview schedule for the documentation.

Ethical consideration: Permission was sought before commencing with the data collection process. This documentation will be submitted to MBMA and will not be submitted to other departments.

7. GROUND SURVEY

7.1 Natural Resources-Through GIS technology the project has collected data that Rem Songgital village has a total of 157.61 sq.km. Of which the total forest cover area is also open forest 73.29ha. Water bodies coverage is 0.92ha. The village agricultural and horticulture land measuring 70.01 ha.and 2.1ha of the cultivable wasteland area. The Deforestation area is 11 ha. And the total degraded land area is 7.69ha. Arecanut and rubber plantation is the major cash crop in the village. Village has opted to cultivate arecanut and rubber for better income.

7.2 Cultivable Land-The village has 70.01hac. of agricultural and horticultural land. Community has 5.01 ha for their agriculture and horticulture. The land is becoming less productive due to unavailability of irrigation facilities. The villagers are engaged in multi-cropping which are season based. The farmers have been suffering with pest attack which have been destroying their paddy field and other plantations.

7.3 Water Bodies-Every number of households have their own well. The village is mostly dependent on P.H.E, rain, spring, streams and surface water for irrigation purposes. Surface water and spring are abundant but limited during the non-rainy season. No major problem for drinking water.

7.4 Forest Management-The village itself has 20 areas of reserve forest and which is protected by the village sorder.Deforestation, Jhum Cultivation, hunting is banned in the village. Some species of animals are existing in the forest like Tiger, Monkey, Elephant, Snakes, foxes etc.Community has Medical plant plantation in the village.

8. AWARENESS PROGRAMME

The awareness program held at Rem Songgital VNRMC on 17th September 2020 was a significant event in which the DPMU (District Project Management Unit) team, consisting of the Project Manager, Social Manager, Environment Manager, Knowledge Manager, and M&E (Monitoring and Evaluation) representatives, conducted the program. $I:\photoes of cnrmp, NGH\12.mendal village\DSC_0027.JPG$

The community members actively participated in the program, demonstrating their interest and engagement in the CLLMP (Community-Led Landscape Management Project). This active participation included voicing their concerns and raising questions related to the project, making the program a huge success.

A total of 50 members attended the program, with 32 being male and 28 being female, showing gender-inclusive participation and involvement of the community.

During the awareness program, the CLLMP officials provided a brief introduction to the Meghalaya Basin Management Agency (MBMA) and elucidated the aims, objectives, and various projects and programs that MBMA is working on. This introduction helped the community members gain insights into the broader context of the project and the agency's role in managing natural resources and landscapes in the region.

The program also included detailed explanations of the different aspects and procedures that both the villagers and CLLMP should undertake during the course of the project. This could have included information on project activities, community-driven development approaches, capacity building, and the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders.

The CLLMP officials emphasized the importance of the project and enlightened the villagers on the benefits they could obtain from actively participating in the initiative. These benefits might include improved natural resource management, livelihood opportunities, climate resilience, and overall community development.

Such awareness programs are vital in building understanding and support among the community members for the project's objectives and activities. By fostering active participation and open communication between the project team and the community, CLLMP can effectively work towards achieving its goals of sustainable landscape management and community development in Rem Songgital and beyond.

9. PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA) EXERCISE

The PRA exercise conducted on 19^th September 2020 at Rem Songgital VNRMC was an important step in involving the community in the development of the Community Natural Resource Management Plan (CNRMP) under the CLLMP initiative. The program saw the active participation of 35 villagers who dedicated their time and contributed their knowledge to the exercise.

The PRA exercise began with a meeting cum orientation program on CLLMP, where the villagers were informed about the purpose and objectives of the project. This orientation helped provide the community with an understanding of the project's goals and how it aligns with their needs and aspirations.

During the PRA exercise, the key informants, including the Village Natural Resource Management Committee (VNRMC) and Village Community Forests (VCFs), played a crucial role in facilitating maximum participation from the villagers. Their involvement ensured that the community members were well-informed and encouraged to actively engage in the exercise.

The dates and time for conducting the various PRA exercises were fixed through consultation with the community members. By involving the villagers in the decision-making process, the project team ensured that the PRA activities were scheduled at convenient times, allowing for broader participation.

At the end of the meeting, the schedule and timing for the upcoming PRA exercises were announced to the community. This transparent communication helped ensure that everyone was aware of the planned activities, fostering a sense of ownership and commitment among the villagers.

The PRA exercise is a crucial part of the project as it enables the community to identify their needs, aspirations, and challenges related to natural resource management. By actively involving the villagers in the planning process, the CNRMP can be tailored to address the specific requirements of Rem Songgital village and contribute to its sustainable development and landscape management. $I:\photoes of cnrmp, NGH\lower mendal , PRA\IMG20191011163737.jpg$

10. COMMUNITY NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN WITH ESTIMATION

Having understood the natural resources in the village of land, water and forest, the Villagers and VNRMC members of the village came together on the 19^th September 2020 to identify and plan out interventions to address challenges faced in their village both in terms of NRM issues and their economic issues. The VNRMC with facilitation from DPMU-NGH and SPMU has arrived at the list of activities to be taken up in the next four years’ time within the budget provision. The villagers strongly feel that these interventions would enable them to conserve and improve the natural resources for them and their future generations.

Important Dates and Events.

On 19^th September 2020, the Citizen Green Charter was signed.
On 19^th September 2020, the Village Grant Assignment was signed.
The Village Natural Resource Management Committee (VNRMC) was formed on 19^th September 2020.
The Community Natural Resources Management Plan (CNRMP) was formulated on the 19^th October 2020.

The community forwarded a letter for more intervention work for the year 2021-2022 on 2^nd January 2020.

List of Intervention

Sl no	Name of proposed intervention	Site	Land ownership	No of HHs expected to benefit			Priority (high/medium/low)	Start date (MM/YY)	Completion date(MM/)
1	Check Dam			BPL	APL	Total

		Songgitcham	Community			10		1-Aug-22	30-Aug-22
		An’chengbokchiring				8		28-feb-22	19-Mar-22
		A’simchiring				12		22-feb-22	19-Mar-22
2.	Gabion wall	An.chengbok Chiring	Community			15		11-Jul-22	30-jul-22
2.	Gabion wall	Rem chiring	Community			15		5-Sep-22	30-sep-22
3.	Contour trenches	Rem Abri	Community			7		18-Jul-22	8-Aug-22
4	Spring chamber	Rem Abri chimik	Community			8		7-Sep-22	30-Sep-22
		Matchok Auram	Community			10		5-sep-22	30-sep-22
		Badol chimik	Community land					13-dec-21	8-Jan-22
5.	Afforestation(1^st,2^nd )	Village reserve	Community					25-06-21	14-07-21
6	Nursery	Rem chirikam	Community					20-05-21	14-08-21
7.	Water storage	Gongdeng Stream	Private land					11-03-21	30-3-21
8.	Agroforestry(1^st 2^nd )	SoljeMomin						3-8-21	17-8-21
		Batremarak
		Krebinathmarak
		Robin marak
		Siljomo/timarak
		Tinetmarak
		Wilnatmarak
		BorotiSangma
		Bodinasangma
		Bosantisangma
		Chontillamarak
		Harculesmarak
		Malitamarak
		Malitamarak
		Clement marak
		Pabelsonmarak
		Ranilla
		Amitsonmarak

11. BRIEF JUSTIFICATION ON THE PROPOSED ACTIVITIES

The villagers of Rem Songgital have decided to treat a significant portion of land, approximately 158 hectares or more, beyond the 106.16 hectares covered by CLLMP. This proactive decision to take responsibility for a larger area shows their strong commitment to conserving and improving their natural resources.

The willingness of the community to contribute through their own efforts demonstrates a sense of ownership and dedication towards the well-being of their village. By actively participating in the treatment of additional land, the villagers are actively contributing to the sustainable management of their resources.

Moreover, seeking convergence with state and central government schemes can be instrumental in securing additional resources and support for the planned interventions. Collaborating with government initiatives can enhance the impact and effectiveness of their efforts, making them more sustainable and scalable.

Through their combined efforts, the villagers' initiatives have the potential to create a positive and lasting impact on the landscape, water bodies, and forests of Rem Songgital. By treating a substantial area of land and ensuring its proper conservation and management, they are working towards safeguarding their natural resources for both the present and future generations.

This community-driven and convergent approach exemplifies how local communities can take charge of their development and environmental conservation, becoming stewards of their own resources while leveraging external support to achieve their goals effectively. The determination and spirit of collaboration displayed by the villagers hold great promise for the sustainable future of Rem Songgital.

11.1 NURSERY:

Nurseries indeed play a crucial role in environmental conservation and sustainability by preserving and supplying seeds and seedlings of various plant species. In the context of Rem Songgital village and under the CLLMP scheme, these nurseries serve multiple purposes:

Seedling Production: Nurseries are essential in raising healthy seedlings that will be later planted in various areas, such as open forests, catchment areas, reserve forests, and private lands. By cultivating high-quality seedlings, the village can ensure successful reforestation and afforestation efforts.

Biodiversity Conservation: Different types of plants are targeted for growth in nurseries, including short rotation tree species like segun, neem, arecanut, aprel, amla, punga, Sali, and others. By growing a diverse range of plants, the village contributes to biodiversity conservation and the restoration of native flora.

Environmental Restoration: Planting seedlings from nurseries in open forest areas and catchment areas aids in environmental restoration. This helps in stabilizing soil, preventing erosion, and creating habitats for various wildlife species.

Community Ownership: The Rem Songgital Village Natural Resource Management Committee (VNRMC) taking on the challenge of growing plants in community nurseries showcases their commitment to sustainable natural resource management. This ownership and engagement foster a sense of responsibility and pride among the villagers in caring for their environment.

Nursery is a plan where the young trees are grown for transplanting elsewhere.Community has taken measures to ensure nursery in the village reserve. Communities take the responsibility as they do not use more water or fertilizer than is absolutely necessary.

Due to the increasing demand of fruits and greenery products there is a demand for seed and seedling in Meghalaya per year. Community plays a major role in supplying seeds and seedling to meet the quality for the benefits of the residents. They have planted around 3000 seeds and seedlings successfully by themselves and they are responsible for a long term maintenance of each new seedling planted. Different kinds of tree nurseries are mango, jackfruits, pongamiapiñata, syzigiumcumini, polentiapendula etc.

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AFTER

11.2. AGROFORESTRY:

Indeed, agroforestry is a highly beneficial land use management system that integrates trees and shrubs into agricultural practices. The initiation of agroforestry by the CLLMP project in Rem Songgital village can be seen as an agro-ecological succession, similar to natural ecosystems. This intentional combination of agriculture and forestry results in a chain of events that enhances the functionality and sustainability of the farming system in the community land.

Agroforestry offers numerous advantages, some of which include:

Enhanced Yields: By incorporating trees and shrubs into crop fields, agroforestry can greatly enhance the yields of staple food crops. The trees provide shade, improve soil moisture retention, and create microclimates that are favorable for crop growth, leading to increased productivity.

Increased Biodiversity: The presence of trees in agroforestry systems promotes biodiversity. They provide habitats for a variety of flora and fauna, contributing to ecological balance and supporting pollinators and beneficial insects that can aid in pest control.

Improved Soil Structure and Health: Trees' root systems help improve soil structure and prevent soil erosion. They contribute organic matter through leaf litter and root decomposition, enriching the soil with nutrients and enhancing its health.

Reduced Erosion: Trees' root systems also play a vital role in reducing soil erosion, particularly on sloping lands. They anchor the soil, minimizing the risk of soil loss during heavy rainfall or runoff.

Carbon Sequestration: Agroforestry systems can act as carbon sinks, capturing and storing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This helps in mitigating climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Diversification and Resilience: By diversifying agricultural practices, agroforestry enhances the resilience of the farming system. In times of adverse weather or changing conditions, the diverse range of crops and trees can provide alternative sources of income and food security.

Overall, the introduction of agroforestry in Rem Songgital village through the CLLMP project has the potential to bring multiple benefits to the community, the environment, and agricultural productivity. It represents a sustainable and ecologically sound approach to land use management that aligns with the village's goals of preserving natural resources and improving livelihoods.

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11.3 SPRING CHAMBER:

Springs are indeed valuable natural resources in hilly terrains, serving as points of emergence and flow for groundwater. In the case of Rem Songgital village, where springs are predominantly found in the mountainous areas, they play a crucial role in providing water for various purposes.

Ownership and management of springs in Rem Songgital villages are typically handled by the community. The community members recognize the importance of springs as a vital water source for domestic use, agriculture, and other miscellaneous purposes. Springs have been integral to the community's livelihood for generations, forming a significant cultural and social focal point.

Due to their natural origin and consistent flow, springs are often considered sacred by the community. They hold cultural and religious significance, symbolizing the life-sustaining force of water and representing a connection to nature. This cultural reverence for springs further strengthens the community's commitment to their preservation and sustainable use.

The community's role in managing and protecting the springs is crucial for maintaining the availability and quality of this important water resource. By adopting sustainable practices, such as avoiding pollution and ensuring proper land use practices in the surrounding areas, the community can help safeguard the springs' integrity and ensure their continued availability for future generations.

Overall, springs in Rem Songgital village serve as more than just water sources; they embody the community's cultural heritage, provide essential resources, and serve as a reminder of the interconnectedness between nature, community, and sustainable living.

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11.4 AFFORESTATION:

The decision taken by the people of Rem Songgital to protect and preserve the open forest is commendable, considering the increasing climate changes and loss of biodiversity. Afforestation and agroforestry are effective approaches to mitigate the impact of climate change, enhance the environment, and improve the quality of life in the village.

By implementing afforestation in the open forest and community lands, the villagers can restore degraded areas, increase green cover, and create habitats for various flora and fauna. This will not only contribute to carbon sequestration but also help in regulating local climate, improving air quality, and conserving water resources.

Agroforestry, on the other hand, involves integrating trees with agricultural practices. By incorporating trees on farmlands and in the vicinity of schools, residents, and non-profit organizations, the villagers can experience multiple benefits. Agroforestry systems provide shade, fodder for livestock, and diverse products like fruits and nuts, thus enhancing the agricultural productivity and economic resilience of the community.

Moreover, planting trees in neighborhoods can create a more pleasant and healthy living environment, reducing heat island effects and enhancing overall well-being. Community participation in these initiatives is crucial, as it fosters a sense of ownership and responsibility for the protection of the open forest and the overall environment. Collective efforts can also lead to better planning and effective management of the tree planting activities.

In addition to climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation, tree planting can contribute to creating livelihood opportunities, environmental education, and cultural and recreational values for the villagers.

Overall, the decision to engage in tree planting and afforestation demonstrates the community's commitment to sustainable natural resource management and a better future for Rem Songgital. Through these efforts, the villagers are taking significant steps towards building resilience and adapting to the challenges posed by climate change while preserving their rich biodiversity and enhancing the overall ecological balance of the region. $C:\Users\user\Pictures\IMG-20220316-WA0008.jpg$ $J:\Project of Rem Songgital\afforestation\02f7f603-395f-41e3-8a70-b9314e475f95.jfif$

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11.5 CHECK DAM:

The construction of check dams at Gongdang and An.chengbok as part of the CLLMP scheme has proven to be a significant blessing for the Rem Songgital village community. These check dams serve the important purpose of providing irrigation and domestic water supply to the village, addressing the issue of unavailability of irrigation facilities during the months of August to October and increasing productivity.

The proposed construction of four check dams in the village will have a direct positive impact on approximately 45 households. By capturing and storing water, the check dams ensure a consistent and reliable water supply throughout the year. This availability of water for irrigation purposes will enhance agricultural production and contribute to increased income for the villagers.

Irrigation plays a vital role in agricultural productivity, particularly during periods of limited rainfall. With the implementation of the check dams, the villagers will have access to water for their agricultural activities even during the dry months. This will enable them to cultivate crops and maximize their yields, improving food security and economic stability for the community.

Additionally, the availability of a sufficient domestic water supply is essential for the villagers' daily needs, such as drinking, cooking, and sanitation. The construction of the check dams ensures that clean and reliable water is accessible to the households, promoting better health and overall well-being.

The check dams not only address the immediate water scarcity issue but also contribute to the long-term sustainability of the village's water resources. By effectively managing water through these structures, the community can mitigate the impact of climate variability and maintain a more resilient agricultural system.

Overall, the construction of check dams in Rem Songgital village provides significant benefits to the community by improving irrigation facilities, increasing agricultural productivity, and ensuring a consistent domestic water supply. It is an important step towards sustainable water management and enhancing the livelihoods of the villagers.

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11.6 Gabion wall:

The creation of a gabion wall on Rem Songgital stream, is a valuable intervention under the CLLMP scheme. Gabion walls are small barriers constructed as swales or drainage ditches, typically filled with rocks or stones and enclosed in wire mesh. These walls serve multiple purposes and can have various benefits for the community and the environment:

Erosion Control: Gabion walls help reduce erosion by slowing down the velocity of flowing water. By breaking the force of runoff water, they allow sediment to settle within the swale or drainage ditch, preventing soil erosion and downstream sedimentation.

Water Management: The gabion wall effectively manages water flow by creating a controlled channel for runoff. By directing water along the swale, it reduces the risk of flash flooding and helps in the proper collection and distribution of water during heavy rainfall events.

Groundwater Recharge: As the gabion wall reduces the velocity of flowing water, it also aids in groundwater recharge. The slowed water flow allows more time for water to infiltrate the ground, replenishing the groundwater table and contributing to a more drought-resistant water supply.

Soil Conservation: The sediment trapped by the gabion wall contributes to soil conservation by preventing valuable topsoil from being carried away by runoff water.

Biodiversity Support: The gabion wall and the associated swale can create favorable microhabitats for various plant species, contributing to increased biodiversity along the watercourse.

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12. PROBLEM ANALYSIS

The information collected through random one-to-one interviews and group discussions provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by the community in Rem Songgital. Some of the key findings from the problem analysis are as follows:

Government Schemes and Projects: The community feels the need for more government schemes and projects to address various socio-economic issues and enhance livelihood opportunities.

Literacy Rate: The village boasts a high literacy rate of 90%, which is a positive indicator for education and awareness within the community.

Government Job Opportunities: Despite a high literacy rate, there is a limited enrollment in government jobs, indicating the need for increased employment opportunities.

Forest Management: The condition of the forest is relatively good, as most of these forests are owned and managed by the communities themselves. This highlights the effectiveness of community-based natural resource management.

Traditional Conflict Resolution: Disagreements and conflicts in the village are addressed by the traditional institution of village governance called the village sordar, showcasing the community's reliance on indigenous conflict resolution methods.

Livelihoods: The majority of the population is engaged in business and farming, reflecting the importance of agriculture and entrepreneurial activities in the village's economy.

Access to Water: The village is divided into nine springs, which provide relatively better access to water compared to one stream where water scarcity has led to conflicts in the area. This indicates the need for better water management and distribution.

Healthcare Facilities: The community identifies a need for the development of ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) and Anganwadi services, as well as a primary health center (PHC) to improve healthcare access.

NREGA Implementation: The villagers express the importance of implementing the NREGA (National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) scheme, which can provide employment opportunities and boost rural development.

Overall, the problem analysis highlights the community's aspirations and challenges, providing valuable information for planning and implementing development interventions under the CLLMP scheme. By addressing these concerns and building on the community's strengths, the project can have a positive and lasting impact on the village's sustainability and well-being.

13.CONCLUSION

The people of the region have taken the initiative to make the Community Led-Landscape Management Project (CLLMP) a success within their village. By maintaining and protecting the surrounding areas and natural environment, including biodiversity, they demonstrate a strong commitment to environmental conservation and sustainable practices.

The villagers' adherence to laws framed for the betterment of their society reflects their sense of responsibility and respect for governance. Their positive mindset towards developing and protecting their region and making decisions for the betterment of their livelihoods is commendable.

While the residents have put in significant effort and sacrifice to achieve the developments so far, the village still faces challenges such as connectivity issues and a lack of certain basic needs compared to more developed parts of the region. Recognizing the need for further assistance from various organizations, the villagers are open to collaboration and support to address these gaps and improve their quality of life.

The facilitation of activities by the CLMMP District Project Management Unit Resubelpara has been instrumental in promoting conservation, sustainable resource management, social inclusion, and community mobilization. The variety of planning, capacity building, and on-the-ground interventions have contributed to strengthening community institutions and fostering linkages with financial and community organizations.

The expression of gratitude from the CLLMP team towards the members of the Village Natural Resource Management Committee (VNRMC) and Village Community Forests (VCFs) highlights the collaborative effort and teamwork involved in bringing positive changes to the entire community.

Overall, the success of the CLLMP project in Rem Songgital village is a testament to the collective will and determination of the community to safeguard their natural resources, preserve their environment, and improve their livelihoods. With continued support and cooperation from various stakeholders, the village can continue on its path of sustainable development and ensure a better future for generations to come.

14. SEASONAL CALENDAR

The seasonal calendar of Rem Songgital village to help identify heavy workload periods, credit crunch, food security, etc.

Sl no	CRITERIA	JAN	FEB	MARCH	APRIL	MAY	JUNE	JULY	AUG	SEPT	OCT	NOV	DEC
1	Water scarcity	3	2	1	1
2	Rainfall			1		2	3	1	2		1	1
3	Rubber plantation						1	2	2
4	Rubber harvesting						1		3	2	2	1	1
5	Arecanut Plantation					1	1			1
6	Arecanut harvesting	1	1	2
7	Ginger cultivation						2	1	1
8	Ginger harvesting			2	1
9	Forest fire			1
10	Collection of fuelwood	1										2	1
11	Prone to sickness	1											1
12	Seeking job		2	1
13	Social participant	1	1	1								1	1